Barong
& Rangda
It's the most popular dance for tourists. A straightforward
battle between good, the barong, and bad, the rangda. The barong
is a strange creature, half shaggy dog, half lion, propelled by
two men like a circus clown-horse. The widow-witch rangda is bad
though and certainly not the sort of thing you'd like to meet
on a midnight stroll through the rice paddies.
The
Barong dance is truly a triumphant display of bright colors and
graceful movements. Greatly appreciated by the tourists, special
performances are staged for their benefit, generally in the morning,
and last one hour. The villages of Batubulan as well as Tegaltamu
and Singapadu, small towns located 30 minutes from the capital,
are known for putting on the best performances. There is, however,
more to the Barong dance than the folkloristic dimension, It is,
in fact, an integral part of the island's culture and has an evident
sacred connotation. It isn't rare, in fact, to see the Balinese
dancing the Barong during their religious ceremonies, regardless
of the presence of tourists. Inspired by an episode taken from
Mahabharata, an epic poem written in Sanskrit. the dance evolves
around the character of the Barong, the king of the jungle. A
mythical animal, not clearly identified (perhaps a lion), he is
the symbol of virtue and good, subject to the continuous struggle
against the evil forces that threaten life and the integrity of
the forest, this being an element very dear to the Balinese population.
In detail, the Barong embodies everything that can be beneficial
to man, and help him defeat illness. black magic and any other
kind of misfortune. The evil entity against which he must relentlessly
fight is personified by Rangda, queen of death and devourer of
children. She is characterized by a dark and gloomy mask from
which a red tongue of fire hangs. The entire dance is centered
around the struggle between these two rival characters. The Barong
is interpreted by two dancers whose rhythmic movements bring to
life the beautiful and elaborate cos tume they wear. a large animal
head skillfully carved out of wood, brightly colored in red, white,
black and gold. It is adorned with a crown extending outwards
from the sides of the head, and by a prominent necklace which
hangs from the neck, The final touch of the costume is a tail
made out of bison leather which is elaborately finished and guilded.
The first character to appear on the stage is the Barong with
his swaying gait: his dance is meant to express the joy of living.
He is followed by a group of armed supporters who stand ready
to defend him.
when
Rangda strikes her terrible blows. It isn't at all rare for the
dancers playing the Barong's followers to become so engrossed
in the sacredness of the per- formance that they go into a real
trance. A cloud of characters surround the Barong on stage. Rangda,
goddess of death, personification of evil, the young girl servant
Kalika; Dewi Kunti, queen of the kingdom of Hastina and her stepson
Sadewa who will be sacrificed in order to placate the anger of
Rangda, the minister Dewi Kunti; Patih who ex- presses sorrow
for the fate of Sadewa (Rangda will have to enter his soul in
order to make him accept the sacrifice), and then the monkey supporters
of the Barong, producers of palm tree wine (nira). A very important
element in the entire dance is the large orchestra, known as gamelan,
which is essential to underscore the ritual nature of the performance.
Many are the instruments that make up the orchestra: some metal
xylophones which stand out not only because they are so numerous
but because of their power ful and imperious sound; there are
also drums as well as flutes, the rebab (a type of violin) and
the gender (typical xylophones). All together, these instruments
are essential in guiding the dance and underscoring the rhythm
of well coordinated movements. These along with the joyful colors
are the most alluring elements of this remarkable perfor mance.
At the end of the dance, the masks of the Barong and of Rangda,
as proof of their sacred nature, are stowed in a special room
inside the temple. They are covered very carefully, especially
Rangda's mask, because its deadly powers are greatly feared. It's
a way of saying that the ritual victory of the Barong, that is
of good, which marks the end of the dance, is only temporary:
tomorrow the eternal and unresolved conflict could begin again.
The
end of the Barong dance is like an entirely separate performance.
Also known as the Kris dance, it is named after the famous Malese
dagger. The idea is based on the philosophical concept rwa bhineda.
good and bad, evil and goodness which have always been present
and have always existed together albeit in a constant and inevitably
unre solved conflict. Nothing will change in the future. While
man is left free to try to develop his positive attitudes and
let them win over the negative ones, he must nonetheless resign
himself to the fact that the presence of both good and evil is
a law of nature and as such must be accepted. When the dance is
performed, Rangda is the evil spirit which enters the bodies of
his victims, usually followers of the Barong, and pushes them
to the edge of suicide. The dancers attempt to stab themselves
in the chest with their krises until they are finally stopped
by the beneficial appearance of the Barong. It is he who will
save these unfortunate beings by revealing that the notion of
good and evil will always be inevitably present in the world and
in everyone's life and that they must therefore accept it.
